Histopathologist

A biopsy is the removal of a small tissue sample for diagnostic examination. It helps confirm the presence or absence of disease. Biopsies can be incisional, excisional, or needle-based.

Microtomy is the process of cutting thin sections of tissue using a microtome. These sections are placed on slides for staining. Thin sections are necessary for proper microscopic evaluation. It is a key laboratory technique.

Artifacts are distortions or changes in tissue caused during processing. They can result from poor fixation, cutting, or staining. Artifacts may interfere with accurate diagnosis.

Cytology studies individual cells, while histopathology examines whole tissues. Cytology is less invasive and often used for screening. Histopathology provides more detailed structural information.

Necrosis is the death of cells or tissues due to injury or disease. It appears as areas of damaged tissue under the microscope. It is often seen in infections, tumours, and ischemia.

To become a Histopathologist, a candidate must first complete an MBBS degree from a recognized medical college. This is followed by a postgraduate degree such as MD in Pathology or DNB in Pathology.

A Histopathologist can work in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, and pathology centers. They are also employed in medical colleges as teaching faculty and researchers. Opportunities exist in pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and forensic labs.

The average salary of a Histopathologist in India is approximately ₹8–25 lakh per year, which varies depending on experience and workplace.

A Histopathologist must have strong analytical and diagnostic skills to interpret tissue samples accurately. Attention to detail is critical for identifying subtle cellular changes. Good knowledge of pathology techniques, microscopy, and laboratory procedures is essential.

Career growth typically progresses from junior resident to senior resident, then consultant or specialist pathologist. With experience, one can become a senior consultant, head of department, or professor in academic institutions. Subspecialization in areas such as oncopathology or neuropathology offers advanced opportunities.